Research on LNS

LNS for prevention

• Randomized comparison of 3 types of micronutrient supplements for home fortification of complementary foods in Ghana: effects on growth and motor development. (abstract and free full-text)
  Adu-Afarwuah S, Lartey A, Brown KH, Zlotkin S, Briend A, Dewey KG. Am J Clin Nutr. 2007 Aug;86(2):412-20.
  

  Randomized controlled trial to test the effect of three different approaches for home-fortification of complementary food (multi-micronutrient powder, LNS and a crushable micronutrient tablet) on child growth (between 6 and 12 months of age) and motor development in Ghana.

• Home fortification of complementary foods with micronutrient supplements is well accepted and has positive effects on infant iron status in Ghana. (abstract and free full-text)
  Adu-Afarwuah S, Lartey A, Brown KH, Zlotkin S, Briend A, Dewey KG. Am J Clin Nutr. 2008 Apr;87(4):929-38.
  

  Randomized controlled trial to test the acceptability and effect of three different approaches to home-fortification of complementary food (multi-micronutrient powder, LNS and a crushable micronutrient tablet) on micronutrient status (iron and zinc) and anemia in Ghanaian children between 6 and 12 months of age.
  

• A large-scale distribution of milk-based fortified spreads: Evidence for a new approach in regions with high burden of acute malnutrition. (abstract and free full-text)
  Defourny I, Minetti A, Harczi G, Doyon S, Shepherd S, Tectonidis M, Bradol JH, Golden M. PLoS ONE 4(5): e5455. Doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0005455.
  

  Evaluation of a preventive distribution program implemented during the hungry-season (May-October 2007) in the Maradi region of Niger that provided a monthly ration of Plumpy’doz to children 6-36 months of age. The prevalence and incidence of severe acute malnutrition (SAM) and SAM treatment admission trends were compared to previous years, where no preventive program was in place.
  

• Breast milk intake is not reduced more by the introduction of energy dense complementary food than by typical infant porridge. (abstract and free full-text)
  Galpin L, Thakwalakwa C, Phuka J, Ashorn P, Maleta K, Wong WW, Manary MJ. J Nutr. 2007 Jul;137(7):1828-33.
  

  Randomized controlled trial to assess the effect of providing LNS as a complementary food on breast-milk intake in 6-month old infants as compared to a micronutrient-fortified maize-soy flour (likuni phala) used in Malawi for complementary feeding.
  

• Prenatal food supplementation fortified with multiple micronutrients increases birth length: a randomized controlled trial in rural Burkina Faso. (abstract)
  Huybregts L, Roberfroid D, Lanou H, Menten J, Meda N, Van Camp J, Kosteren P, for the MISAME Study Group. Am J Clin Nutr 2009 Jan; 90: 1593-600.
  

  Randomized controlled trial in Burkina Faso to determine whether a daily prenatal multiple-micronutrient (MMN)-fortified food supplement (composed of peanut butter, soy flour, vegetable oil and sugar) improved anthropometric measures at birth compared with a daily prenatal MMN pill alone.
  

• Effect of preventive supplementation with ready-to-use therapeutic food on the nutritional status, mortality, and morbidity of children aged 6 to 60 months in Niger: a cluster randomized trial. (abstract and free full-text)
  Isanaka S, Nombela N, Djibo A, Poupard M, Van Beckhoven D, Gaboulaud V, Guerin PJ, Grais RF. JAMA. 2009 Jan 21;301(3):277-85.
  

  Cluster-randomized controlled trial that evaluated the effect of providing three months of LNS (RUTF) to 6-60 month-old children in Niger on the prevention of moderate and severe wasting during an 8-month follow-up period.
  

• An energy-dense complementary food is associated with a modest increase in weight gain when compared with a fortified porridge in Malawian children aged 6-18 months. (abstract and free full-text)
  Lin CA, Manary MJ, Maleta K, Briend A, Ashorn P. J Nutr. 2008 Mar;138(3):593-8.
  

  Randomized comparison of the effects of a peanut-/soy-based LNS and a corn porridge fortified with fish powder as complementary foods on growth and micronutrient status (zinc and selenium) in rural Malawian children between 6 and 18 months of age.
  

• Complementary feeding with fortified spread and incidence of severe stunting in 6- to 18-month-old rural Malawians. (abstract and free full-text)
  Phuka JC, Maleta K, Thakwalakwa C, Cheung YB, Briend A, Manary MJ, Ashorn P. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2008 Jul;162(7):619-26. Erratum in: Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2008 Oct;162(10):942.
  

  Randomized-controlled trial that compared supplementation for 12 months with LNS or a micronutrient-fortified maize-soy flour (likuni phala) on child growth and incidence of malnutrition between 6 and 18 months of age.
  

• Postintervention growth of Malawian children who received 12-mo dietary complementation with a lipid-based nutrient supplement or maize-soy flour. (abstract)
  Phuka JC, Maleta K, Thakwalakwa C, Cheung YB, Briend A, Manary MJ, Ashorn P. Am J Clin Nutr. 2009 Jan;89(1):382-90.
  

  Follow-up study of Malawian children at 36 months of age to assess the long-term impact on growth and incidence of malnutrition from exposure to 12-months of supplementation with either LNS or a micronutrient-fortified maize-soy flour (likuni phala) between 6 and 18 months of age.

Acceptability and use of LNS

• Heat Treatment of Expressed Breast Milk Is a Feasible Option for Feeding HIV-Exposed, Uninfected Children after 6 Months of Age in Rural Zimbabwe. (abstract)
  Mbuya MN, Humphrey JH, Majo F, Chasekwa B, Jenkins A, Israel-Ballard K, Muti M, Paul KH, Madzima RC, Moulton LH, Stoltzfus RJ. J Nutr. 2010 Jun 23. [Epub ahead of print]
  

  Evaluation of the feasibility of expressing and heat treating all breast milk fed to HIV-exposed, uninfected infants in rural Zimbabwe, following 6 months of exclusive breastfeeding. LNS (Nutributter®) was provided along with instruction on EHT and counseling on complementary feeding using local foods.

• Feeding patterns and behaviors during home supplementation of underweight Malawian children with lipid-based nutrient supplements or corn-soy blend. (abstract)
  Flax VL, Phuka J, Cheung YB, Ashorn U, Maleta K, Ashorn P. Appetite. 2010 Jun; 54(3):504-11. Epub 2010 Feb 11.
  

  Based on in-home direct observations, detailed comparison of feeding and hygiene practices of caregivers of underweight infants aged 6-17 months; infants were supplemented with either LNS or corn-soy blend.
  

• Malawian mother's attitudes towards the use of two supplementary foods for moderately malnourished children. (abstract)
  Flax VL, Thakwalakwa C, Phuka J, Ashorn U, Cheung YB, Maleta K, Ashorn P. Appetite. 2009 Oct;53(2):195-202. Epub 2009 Jun 21.
  

  Evaluation of maternal attitudes towards LNS and corn-soy-blend for feeding moderately malnourished children in Malawi, including acceptability, use during illness, and willingness to pay.